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A Thermomechanical Material Point Method for Baking and Cooking

TeranGroup · Youtube · 142 HN points · 1 HN comments
HN Theater has aggregated all Hacker News stories and comments that mention TeranGroup's video "A Thermomechanical Material Point Method for Baking and Cooking".
Youtube Summary
We present a Material Point Method for visual simulation of baking breads, cookies, pancakes and similar materials that consist of dough or batter (mixtures of water flour, eggs, fat, sugar and leavening agents). We develop a novel thermomechanical model using mixture theory to resolve interactions between individual water, gas and dough species. Heat transfer with thermal expansion is used to model thermal variations in material properties. Water- based mass transfer is resolved through the porous mixture, gas represents carbon dioxide produced by leavening agents in the baking process and dough is modeled as a viscoelastoplastic solid to represent its varied and complex rheological properties. Water content in the mixture reduces during the baking process according to Fick’s Law which contributes to drying and cracking of crust at the material boundary. Carbon dioxide gas produced by leavening agents during baking creates internal pressure that causes rising. The viscoelastoplastic model for the dough is temperature dependent and is used to model melting and solidification. We discretize the governing equations using a novel Material Point Method designed to track the solid phase of the mixture.
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Hacker News Stories and Comments

All the comments and stories posted to Hacker News that reference this video.
Nov 24, 2019 · 141 points, 20 comments · submitted by occupy_paul_st
rafael859
I originally read Thermomechanical as Thermonuclear, and thought that this was related to the recent r/ShowerThoughts post [1]. I guess we could use this simulation to answer that question more convincingly :)

I'm glad I misread anyway because the video was very impressive!

[1] https://www.reddit.com/r/Showerthoughts/comments/e0omqn/duri...

empath75
That’s super impressive. I guess Pixar is going to have to make a ratatouille sequel now.
steventhedev
The actual paper: https://www.math.ucla.edu/~myding/papers/baking_paper_final....
lopmotr
I wonder about the cost effectiveness of simulation vs actual baking. Time taken for it to "run" might be about the same. Power usage might be a bit higher for a real oven. Worker's time use could be much worse for the simulation because of the tedious details of setting up the geometry, materials, mesh(?) etc. That's a problem with traditional FEA for engineering, but in typical engineering applications, making a real prototype is very expensive, so simulation has an advantage. Who would use this simulation instead of a real oven, or a real oven with a video camera if you're generating animations.
catalogia
I'm very impressed. I wonder if we're approaching the point at which our simulations are so true to life, you need to hire a chef to tweak the simulation parameters to achieve the best results.
nojvek
The other video recommended by YouTube is equally mind blowing about fabric simulation.

https://youtu.be/eGtB0VXJsuI

Our 3D animations increasingly become photorealistic as we have more compute and better algorithms.

Mind blown.

appleflaxen
It's weird that they use "solid water and gas" rather than "solid liquid and gas"

it may be accurate for most of their models, but what about the middle of the marshmallow? it's liquid, but it's not water, is it?

hatsunearu
I love the video form papers from whatever this field is (stuff that gets published to SIGGRAPH). It's computer graphics but there's a lot of other stuff attached to it.
ragebol
Computational X, where X is anything that can be visualized, it seems.
byron_fast
Having watched many vids of food photographers, if I'm Pizza Hut or similar, this seems cost-effective. We already know the product doesn't match the ad.
arketyp
Those bread cracks look better than anything I ever baked.
transitivebs
This is really amazing -- interested in how visualization techniques like this will help high-end chefs and bakers hone their crafts in the future.
brooklyntribe
Yes, we all do live in a simulation. If it's this good now, what about 3,000 years from now? iOS V.1008?
tomahunt
A great example of soft-matter physics and applied maths. Food-tech should love it.
notelonmusk
Deepbakes
BlackLotus89
Everyone in the comments until now seems to focus on the simulation properties for true to life simulations for ads and movies. Isn't this way more interesting for culinary advancements? I for one am way more interested if we could tweak ingredient ratios and cooking methods for the optimal result. Fluffy yet cross pizza dough with leoparding, how much sourdough/yeast is really needed for my bread and how can I estimate the rise based on the pre-rise, how can I optimize for flour x, ...

Until now I tried to measure exactly and get every parameter right and document everything correctly, with this I could just simulate everything if I get decent measurements for my parameter once.

RomanBob
those things are figured out centuries ago via iterated optimisation.
jey
It's not meant to be a simulation that's actually accurate. It's instead meant to "look accurate". The full chemistry is not being simulated.
hatsunearu
You sure? It sounds like it could be useful for capturing a variety of thermodynamic phenomena provided that you capture the chemistry properly (the stuff about changing elasticity and material properties is really a simplified model of the chemistry, i think)
hyperbovine
I’m surprised they get realistic browning. In real life that’s caused by the Maillard reaction. They did not mention this in the video. I wonder it they specifically modeled this process, or if the behavior emerges from their other chemical models.
jey
The paper says that "coloring is based on temperature". I think what they mean is that the coloring of each point is determined by the peak temperature that has been reached by that point. (Which seems perfectly appropriate for the intended application to visual effects.)

Source: https://www.math.ucla.edu/~myding/papers/baking_paper_final....

Doxin
> It's not meant to be a simulation that's actually accurate.

Most computer simulations aren't. That doesn't mean they aren't accurate enough for some real world applications anyways. Take the fluid simulation in blender for example: It was designed for visual effects, not for sea defence simulations. It works really quite nicely for both however.

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