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How To Make A Crystal Radio - No Batteries (Updated Version Available)

tsbrownie · Youtube · 94 HN points · 0 HN comments
HN Theater has aggregated all Hacker News stories and comments that mention tsbrownie's video "How To Make A Crystal Radio - No Batteries (Updated Version Available)".
Youtube Summary
How to make a robust crystal radio. DIY step by step. No special tools or skills needed. Most parts can be had from recycled things. The purchased parts run about $3. Good during power failures, when batteries are not available, for prepping and similar.

Depending on your design (coil mostly) it can receive in the AM broadcast band, approximately 535 to 1700 kHz.

See Warnings below.

This one is loosely based on the Cub Scout / Wolf Scout / Boy Scout crystal radio design.

OPERATION TIPS & TRICKS
- A good antenna is important. Longer is usually better (see antenna warning below), a good ground is next most important. More below
- With some stations, you can put a finger or 2 or 3 inside the tuner coil to improve reception. Move them around for best reception.
- A finger near the coil can also improve reception. Touching the coil directly usually lowers sound volume, BUT a piece of paper or thin plastic between finger and coil often improves sound / tuning. Move finger around.
- Touching different parts of the radio or getting near them can affect performance.


TOOLS
- Screw driver
- Knife
- Sandpaper (small piece, fine)
- (Optional) Saw, if you do not have the wood & tube already cut
- (Optional) Hand drill for screw holes
- (Optional) Soldering iron, solder

MATERIALS
- 1 x Germanium Crystal Diode (1N34A)(bought: Amazon, Radio Shack 276-1123, Digikey, Jameco, Mouser...)
- 1 x Resistor (10k ohm)(bought: ditto)(see note below)
- 1 x Crystal earphone (can NOT be other type)(bought: Amazon, Jaycar, Jameco?) MUST be like the type in the video. Regular iPod or similar will NOT work.
- 1 x Base 21 x 17.5 cms x 2 cms thick or more (wood scrap)
- 1 x PVC pipe 15 cms long or stiff cardboard tube x 2.5 inch diameter
- 1 x motorcycle / bicycle spoke, 2mm diameter or brass rod or stainless rod
- Enameled bell wire (can be from old transformer, solenoid, ...) 0.3 to 1.5mm (note: I used 0.5mm or roughly 19-20 AWG, the number of turns and length of pipe change with wire size.) Bigger wire has lower resistance (better sound), BUT you get fewer turns per centimeter (less tuning).
- Screws, stainless or brass (6 for wire hold downs, 2+ for coil mounting),
- Fahnestock clips (6) (bought: Amazon & electrical shops). OR brass washers (13) (bought, hardware store)
- 2 bigger washers for wiper.
- 1 bigger, large head screw for wiper.


ANTENNA & GROUND
- The antenna is just a long piece of wire (I use scrap wire from old transformers, fluorescent light ballasts and such). The longer the better.
- Try different lengths and orientations (vertical, horizontal)
- A good ground helps. A wire to a ground rod is good. Metal water pipes also work well.


NOTES:
- I ran the calculations on the coil and with 2.25 inch tube and 170 turns it's about 425 micro Henries (but it varies up to 650 depending on whose calculator I use). That's a bit more than the typical design which runs about 350 - 400, but still very workable. It means you can get by with more like 150 turns of wire.
- The resistor is necessary to get the best sound from these "new" crystal earphones. The new ones are piezoelectric and have lots of capacitance. Without the resistor the charge builds up then discharges so you get constant "static" sounds. The resistor bleeds off charge so you get louder, and much clearer sound.
- Also called a foxhole radio.


WARNINGS:
- Never connect radio to any source of power. Not house current, nor batteries, nothing!
- Never use the radio during lightning storms.
- Never run an antenna over or near power lines.
- Disconnect antenna when not in use.
- Never ground to electrical items, plugs or similar.
- If you don't know, don't do it.


OTHER:
An excellent website by an avid and skilled builder:
http://www.lessmiths.com/~kjsmith/crystal/cr0intro.shtml


INTERESTING LINKS
Air Core: http://www.circuits.dk/single-layer-air-core-inductor-calculator/


OTHER CRYSTAL RADIO VIDEOS
- A comparing 2 designs, one better than the other
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2PITPUg2vI&t=2s
- Crystal Radio Powering a Joule Thief
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xn7U16j7IsU
- Popular Crystal Radio Design That Does Not Work
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2PITPUg2vI&t=2s
- New Crystal Radio Design
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls-28o2pKbQ
- World's Simplest (Crystal) Radio
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GdvKDFz9Xi4&t=27s
- Crystal Radio Improvements & Upgrades
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bfr9_LKWLvI
- Putting a Wood Knob On a Shaft
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Po-uGMFVo3A

- Connect DC Amplifier to Crystal Radio
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOw3yDFXXN4&t=9s
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Hacker News Stories and Comments

All the comments and stories posted to Hacker News that reference this video.
Dec 29, 2018 · 94 points, 23 comments · submitted by humbfool2
heyjudy
Electronics learning kits from the 60's-90's had this, maybe they still do. Crystal earpiece, adjustable ferrite coil or variable capacitor, piece of wire as an antenna and ground to metal drainpipe. No batteries needed as the power was taken from the station's broadcast.
dhosek
I don't know if they have anything quite like those old Radio Shack 100-in-1 electronics kits any more. I've wanted to get something like that for my nephews and couldn't find it.
trothamel
The various snap circuits kits is probably the most popular modern replacement.

https://www.elenco.com/brand/snap-circuits/

Hydraulix989
I really liked those kits. I didn't understand digital logic or analog circuits back then but tinkering and getting the satisfaction of building something is what eventually led to my career in engineering.
dylan604
They do: https://www.robotshop.com/en/elenco-mx-907-200-in-1-electron...
coupdejarnac
I saw this recently- a guy built an AM radio with a 555 timer. https://youtu.be/YC72J2VOSH0
MrXOR
It is very simple to build a 555 radio. back in 2011-2012, Eric Schlaepfer had built it.
coupdejarnac
...Yes, the guy in the video is Eric.
JoeDaDude
For the enthusiasts:

https://www.midnightscience.net/home.html

grendelt
http://www.neodux.com/read/Worlds_Simplest_Radio
smithmayowa
This is very impressive
metaphor
TL;DW guy builds a passive AM diode receiver; hand-wound inductor.

This is pretty much the first receiver topology that EE undergrads who take a first course in comm systems analyze in any detail. It's also a fun way to get a kid interested in electronics.

01100011
It's also kinda fun to use them to sniff your various electronic devices. I remember holding one up to my old Amiga 500 and listening to the emissions it was producing.
kabdib
My home-brew Z-80 system, with dozens of unterminated copper traces wiggling rail-to-rail square waves at 5 volts in an unshielded cabinet, wiped out TV reception with herringbone patterns for a couple houses around. It was the 1970s, nobody knew it was me, practically nobody had computers at home or the knowledge of electronics to make the connection.

Ironically I could turn it on today and no one would notice (unless it totally wiped out wifi, which seems unlikely).

rini17
Maybe wireless car keys. People would notice they are jammed, one time it did happen to me and neighbors. But I think the perpetrator was not caught.

Also, FM/AM radio is still widely used.

jacquesm
> FM/AM radio is still widely used.

But not nearly as wide as it used to be. The bands from LW all the way to 108MHz were absolutely crammed with stations. I got one of my sons a second hand world radio set and it is actually pretty barren on most wavelengths.

anadem
Yeah, I made and listened to a crystal radio as a kid in Britain. With a big antenna hung outside between trees I could listen in bed to Radio Luxemburg! (this was in the days when the BBC was the only broadcaster in Britain; Radio Luxemburg let me listen to the pop music the Beeb didn't play).

And yes, later I went to an EE course at uni!

MrXOR
For Crystal Radio Lover:

Foxhole radio (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxhole_radio)

How to Make a Foxhole Radio: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skKmwT0EccE

brightball
I’ve been wondering how to do that for years! Thanks!
13of40
I read about, but never tried, an even more primitive diode for this: Burn sulfur on the end of a fine copper wire, then touch it to a piece of lead. Seems like you could do something with iron pyrite, too, but I can't remember the details. I'm sure they came up with a ton of these in the early 20th century that never made it into mass production.

Edit: https://books.google.com/books?id=S1QyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA46&lpg=P...

Unfortunately it seems like you need a power source to initially condition the rectifier, which you might not have in a WWII foxhole.

tubetime
burning sulfur on a chunk of copper will also make you a memristor. interesting effect...
None
None
MrXOR
Thanks. very interesting, I'm gonna to make a memristor!

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9853984

airbreather
A plain copper oxide to copper Junction makes a serviceable diode for a crystal set.

Interestingly this is the main thing to watch out for with speaker wires - not the cable, it is the junctions that matter by far.

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