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RSA ANIMATE: Language as a Window into Human Nature
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All the comments and stories posted to Hacker News that reference this video.> Has anyone realised yet that almost all of this folly?This guy did: https://youtu.be/3-son3EJTrU
Humans are inventing double-entendres to create the ambiguity.
This is why the first amendment of the US constitution had the notion freedom of assembly. Collective or mutual knowledge is important for a social body to protect itself from tyranny. Stephen Pinker [1] gave a talk and related this to the story of the emperors new cloths. The gist is that independently, everyone knew that the emperor was naked, but it wasn’t until it was publicly exclaimed by a child that the independent knowledge became mutual, thus making it socially OK for the population at large to say what they already knew.Dictatorships and authoritarian regimes understand this and remove the ability to congregate openly on how the system works. They disappear dissidents and control the media. They essentially gaslight the citizenry in the hopes that independent suffering stays independent and never is discussed openly where it could incite rebellion.
> It discounts without comment the possibility that the pre-internet style of governance had substantive problems which the working class didn't like (e.g. globalization leading to a race to the bottom in manufacturing wages).It's there between the lines: the author mentions the power of the big companies in the 20th century to shape the narrative through mass media and a lack of proper information among the public, and how that power is now crumbling and how the narrative is being democratized.
Basically, it boils down to mutual knowledge, and large shifts in that causes power-shifts in society.
> As I read Pinker, I sometimes imagined a book published in 1923 about the astonishing improvements in the condition of Europe’s Jews following their emancipation. Such a book might argue: look, obviously past results don’t guarantee future returns; all this progress could be wiped out by some freak future event. But for that to happen, an insane number of things would need to go wrong simultaneously: not just one European country but pretty much all of them would need to be taken over by antisemitic lunatics who were somehow also hyper-competent, and who wouldn’t just harass a few Jews here and there until the lunatics lost power, but would systematically hunt down and exterminate all of them with an efficiency the world had never before seen. Also, for some reason the Jews would need to be unable to escape to Palestine or the US or anywhere else. So the sane, sober prediction is that things will just continue to improve, of course with occasional hiccups (but problems are solvable).> Or I thought back to just a few years ago, to the wise people who explained that, sure, for the United States to fall under the control of a racist megalomaniac like Trump would be a catastrophe beyond imagining. Were such a comic-book absurdity realized, there’d be no point even discussing “how to get democracy back on track”; it would already have suffered its extinction-level event. But the good news is that it will never happen, because the voters won’t allow it: a white nationalist authoritarian could never even get nominated, and if he did, he’d lose in a landslide. What did Pat Buchanan get, less than 1% of the vote?
But the Nazi's were defeated, anti-Semitism isn't solved but still way less than it used to be, and US citizens are actively fighting Trump & Co.
I share the feeling that at some point, we're going to see a mass genocide thanks to either CRISPR-based targeted viruses or hard-to-stop drones being much too easy to weaponise by a single nutcase. The world is always resource constrained, and technologies do enable ever more efficient ways of killing ourselves. These are real things to worry about.
But the WWII and Trump examples came about because of a different reason: mass communication. What seems to be missing from Aaronson's review at the societal level, is the insight from Clay Shirky into what enabled both of these things to happen:
> So, what happens when a medium suddenly puts a lot of new ideas into circulation? (...) When the telegraph came along, it was clear that it was going to globalize the news industry. What would this lead to? Well, obviously, it would lead to world peace. The television, a medium that allowed us not just to hear but see, literally see, what was going on elsewhere in the world, what would this lead to? World peace. (Laughter) The telephone? You guessed it: world peace. Sorry for the spoiler alert, but no world peace. Not yet.
> Even the printing press was assumed to be a tool that was going to enforce Catholic intellectual hegemony across Europe. Instead, what we got was Martin Luther's 95 Theses, the Protestant Reformation, and, you know, the Thirty Years' War. All right, so what all of these predictions of world peace got right is that when a lot of new ideas suddenly come into circulation, it changes society. What they got exactly wrong was what happens next.
Shirky then continues to discuss that he believes that the reason we stil think of these technologies as good is because it effectively forced us to become better at arguing. His example is that it enabled things like the scientific revolution[0].
I have yet to read Pinker's newest book, or Better Angels for that matter, so perhaps he addresses these aspect too. I expect him to since he discusses one aspect of this in his earlier language-oriented work: mutual knowledge. Better communication means an improvement in mutual knowledge. And if there is a lot of trauma, resentment and injustice in society, an increase in mutual knowledge brings instability[1]. For example, Shirky's does not explicitly mention what the flaw in the reasoning of the Catholic Church was: it was oblivious or ignorant to the huge injustices in their system. The current craziness is coming about because the existing structures turn out not to be working out so well, and need to be changed. But that will be hard and messy process.
[0] https://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_the_internet_will_...
> the vast majority of people might actually wish for rebellion, but none of them actually acts out on that wish.You're talking about Mutual Knowledge[0]. Basically, the Emperor's New Clothes scenario: I know the emperor is naked, but does everyone else know and do I want to risk myself finding out?
This short Stephen Pinker video[1] explains it really well:
You make a very reasonable but demonstrably false assumption about language: that it is all about A trying to communicate an idea to B, as clearly and as efficiently as possible, and all involved are cooperative.Reality is often much more complicated. Take the simple example of A talking to B with listener C. There's the scenario where a A wants to talk to B but without being understood by C. Or the reverse where A wants C to understand something but not B, whilst talking to B. And we can go on like this - see for example, this[0] RSA Animate by Steve Pinker about why we don't just say things explicitly most of the time.
As a result of all this we get stuff like jargon, coded slang, read-between-the-lines expressions, and yes: foreign languages. Because if you apply that insight to human groups, it becomes obvious that with human "tribes", the use of language is as much a way of excluding outsiders as it is about clear communication. In this light, stuff like youth slang always evolving into something unintelligible to adults makes perfect sense.
As long as there is a desire for selecting who doesn't understand you (which I think will always be the case), language diversification will be a thing. If you have access to New Scientist articles, this one[1] sums it up nicely
[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-son3EJTrU
[1] https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21628941-700-war-of-w...
⬐ vanderZwanAddendum: it just so happens that there currently is another article on HN about this "veiled communication" phenomenon: Doctors' Secret Language for Assisted Suicide:https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11704216
(replying to myself because I cannot edit my comment anymore)
No, anonymity by itself won't save you, though can sharply decreases the odds of getting caught if you are careful. What anonymity does instead is probably the most important part of starting any movement that is mutually exclusive with "acceptable" political views.When a political situation starts to work against the interested of the common person, most people tend to notice, at least in some small way. If nothing else, they notice some of the harmful effects that are starting to affect them. As they (greatly) outnumber the people "in charge", they only need to use their strength in numbers (either politely with the vote/etc or violently with the pitchfork and molotov.
Unfortunately, this can be prevented by creating a situation where people fear retribution and fear that any action they take will not be successful. When you believe that not enough people would join you or that there is no way you to achieve that critical mass of people, learned helplessness sets in. It becomes "obvious" that "fighting corruption is futile", when it really is as simple as everybody simply trying.
This is why the 1st Amendment has a right to assembly, and why "free speech zones" and other obvious abridgements of that right were important to fight. It's also why a lot of people in power got very, very scared at the "Occupy" movement. People assembling so they can see first-hand that they are not alone in their views is one of the only ways to undo the learned helplessness. It is hard to argue with empirical evidence; seeing that you view is actually popular can start a revolution.
So what does this have to do with anonymity? It's one of the best ways (and one of the only long-term successful ways, historically) to solve the "first mover" problem. A single anonymous statement that bluntly points out how everybody knows that the emperor isn't wearing any clothes gives permission[1] to everybody else to also acknowledge this fact. Without the anonymity, it is extremely difficult to find people willing to fall on their sword.
Worse, lack of anonymity can be restated as the people in power knowing who is talking to each other (you can follow the flow of memes). This map of social organization allows for the targeting of people that might become such a focal point that rallies the masses. Cut off a few potential whistleblowers or potential leaders when they are inexperienced and "testing the waters" keeps the real problems from happening. The FBI used to call this "COINTELPRO". I leave it as an exercise for the reader to decide if such tactics are still being used.
Your fundamental problem is that you're assuming anonymity is some sort of shield against a government, while the real utility of anonymity is how it lets you acquire strength in numbers to fight that same government.
[1] For an interesting discussion on how language allows multiple levels of knowledge ("(I think) she knows" vs "I know that she knows that I know that she knows"), try this RSA Animate: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-son3EJTrU
It sounds like the ambiguity of it all is a feature, which makes me think of this wonderful RSA Animate of Steve Pinker's discussion of how we use language:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-son3EJTrU
I have a feeling a lot of the insights of this talk also hint at why something ta'arof can be useful to a human society.
⬐ Johnny_BrahmsAmbiguity is a large part of social interactions. A polite conversation is very much about no one losing face, where ambiguity or small hints helps a lot in keeping things subtle.You can nudge subjects without actually saying anything to anyone's face.
This explains it in more general terms:
If the sole effect of voting is to choose a winner, then you're probably right. But I think that's not the only effect that comes out of counting the votes. It's the one place where voters actually lay their cards on the table, or rather cast their votes in the ballot box. Votes are not a limitless resource to voters, unlike words or even opinion polls, and it is an important form of communication to other voters in the next election.This is where gaming the voting system hurts democracy. Simply voting for the biggest bloc that is not your vision of pure evil is short-sighted, and causes the voters lose their independence - important for a voting system to arrive at an optimum result [1], and it also destroys the only credible method of communicating the lack of confidence in the system to each other [2]. Everybody knowing that everybody else knows that everybody have lost faith in the main blocs is not sufficient to create real change, but it certainly is necessary.
I was talking about something similar earlier today with a friend from high school. We were talking about how it was totally un-cool to disagree with the "consensus" about which girls were hot and which were not. We were imagining what it might have been like if we'd felt able to speak our minds.I'm not a huge believer in the whole "social media toppled authoritarian regimes" stories that have been going around after Tunisia/Egypt but I do think that to the extent real anonymity is possible it has the potential to help people living in places where dissent is both stigmatised and punished by allowing them to realise that others feel the same way.
This Steven Pinker talk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-son3EJTrU (I think; I don't have Flash so can't check it's the right one) talks about why this type of communication is essential to free societies and why freedom of assembly is protected in all free societies.
On the same general topic researchers in public health give people some wiggle room on truth telling by introducing random noise into their responses in order to improve the aggregate quality of information you get from asking them questions about controversial topics (drug use, sexuality): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomized_response
tl;dr: anything that helps people tell the truth rather than timidly conforming to social norms is a good thing
OP's condition said it was social anxiety than social awkwardness to which my post was asking for a more overall solution to social issues.To answer your question, I think his sessions were pretty beneficial but I think missed one thing that I believe therapists should be aware, some socially awkward people are oblivious. There's body language [0], there's ways of talking about or asking for things (don't do it directly sometimes) [1], etc. Some people can't magically overcome that when meeting people but I believe they can learn (at risk of exacerbating their self-consciousness).
[0] How Do You Use Body Language to Read Minds?; http://www.chacha.com/content/infographics/how-do-you-use-bo... (It's said to be inaccurate, I'm not sure either)
[1] RSA Animate - Language as a Window into Human Nature; http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-son3EJTrU
⬐ RiderOfGiraffesPlease, please, don't anyone follow the link to "Drive: the surprising truth about motivation" and think "Woah! I'll submit that to HN" - and then submit it.Please, don't. It's been submitted many times before.